◊ 4-Tumors ◊

◊ Homepage ◊ ◊ Favorite Links ◊ ◊ Aseptic technique guides ◊ ◊ Anesthesia ◊ ◊ 1-Local Analgesia ◊ videos ◊ 2-Regional Analgesia ◊ Videos ◊ 3-Pre-Anesthetic Medication ◊ Videos ◊ 4-Basal Narcosis ◊ ◊ 5-General Anaethesia ◊ ◊ Suture Materials & Suture Patterns ◊ Videos Inflammation ◊ Necrosis & Gangrene ◊ ◊ Swelling ◊ ◊ 1-Absces ◊ Videos ◊ 2-Cyst ◊ ◊ 3-Bursa And Bursitis ◊ Videos ◊ 4-Tumors ◊ Videos ◊ 5-Sinus And Fistula ◊ ◊ 6-Hernia ◊ ◊ Blood Vessels Affections ◊ ◊ Hemorrhage & Hemostasis ◊ ◊ Fluid Therapy ◊ ◊ Skin Affections ◊ ◊ 1-Wound ◊ Videos ◊ 2-Burns & Scalds ◊ ◊ 3-Ulceration & Ulcers ◊ ◊ Bone Affections ◊ Videos ◊ Muscles Affections ◊ ◊ Nerves Affections ◊ ◊ Joints Affections ◊ ◊ Tendon-Ligament Affections ◊ ◊ Ophthalmology ◊ Photo ◊ 1-Ocular Therapetuics ◊ ◊ 2-Eyelid ◊ ◊ 3-Third Eyelid ◊ ◊ 4-Naso-Lacrimal System ◊ ◊ 5-Conjunctiva ◊ Videos ◊ 6-Sclera ◊ ◊ 7-Cornea ◊ Videos ◊ 8-Anterior Chamber ◊ ◊ 9-Anterior Uvea ◊ ◊ 10-Glaucoma ◊ ◊ 11-Lens & Orbit ◊ Videos ◊ Ear Affections ◊ ◊ Horn Affections ◊ ◊ Withers & Back Affections ◊ ◊ Male Genital Affections ◊ Videos ◊ Urinary System affections ◊ Videos ◊ Female Genital System (Udder and Teat) ◊ Videos ◊ Abdominal Wall Affections & Hernia ◊ Videos ◊ Respiratory System Affections ◊ Videos ◊ Digestive System Affections ◊ Videos ◊ 1-Diagnosis of Lameness ◊ ◊ 2-Forelimb ◊ ◊ 3-Hind Limb ◊ ◊ 4-Hoof & Claws Affections ◊ Videos ◊ Radiology ◊ ◊ Experimental Surgery ◊ videos Blog



IV-Tumors

Definition: -

Tumors or neoplasm are those benign or malignant over growths that can be observed anywhere over the body of the animal. Malignant tumors usually affect elder animals (squamous cell carcinoma) while benign tumors affect younger animals (warts).

Classification and characters: -

Tumors are classified into benign or malignant, and solitary or multiple tumors

Benign tumor

Malignant tumor

Capsulated

Not capsulated

Doesn’t recur after excision

Recur after excision

Slower in growth rate

Develops rapidly

Doesn’t show ulceration

Shows ulceration

Localized tumor, doesn't infiltrate or invade surrounding tissue

Invade surrounding tissue

Have definite shape

Have no definite shape

Doesn’t adhere to the skin

Adhere to skin

Has no metastasis

Metastatic

Example

Connective tissue:

Fibroma, lipoma, myoma, or osteoma

Epithelial tissue:

Papilloma

Endothelial tissue:

Angioma, or lymphangioma

 

Connective tissue:

Sarcoma

Epithelial tissue:

Carcinoma

Pigment cells:

Melanoma

 Diagnosis: -

1-History                           

2-Clinical signs and involvement of LN                                             

3-Clinical examination

4-Histopathologic examination confirms diagnosis and determines nature of the tumor

Treatment: -

1-Benign Tumor

A-Ligature

Pedunculated tumors can be removed by ligation with elastic or rubbery materials and the induced wound is dressed with antiseptic solution. The aim of use of ligature is to close the blood supply of the tumor and to hasten its separation and sloughing.

B-Hot red iron

It controls bleeding, and causes necrosis and sloughing of the stump of the tumor.

C-Ecraseur

The skin is incised and the chain is applied on the incision.

D-Wart enucleator

It is a forceps with excavated jaws and sharp borders used for removal of warts

E-Potential caustics

Like arsenal paste, nitric acid, acetic acid, salicylic acid, or liquor of potassae

F-Surgical excision

2-Malignant Tumor

Generally, the success rate of treatment of malignant tumors is very low

A-Radiotherapy

The aim of use of this method is the destruction of malignant cells by gamma radiation. Anyway this technique is better to be used in adjunction with surgical de-bulking.

B-Cryotherapy

It depends up on two cycles of freezing and thawing. Freezing predisposes to ice crystals formation within the cell, and the volume of these crystals is larger than the volume of water leading to rupture of cells.

C-Immunotherapy

By using BCG that is injected 1 ml/cm3 once a week for 4 weeks. Severe reaction and necrosis of the tissue occurs. This technique is used for treatment of sarcoma in equine.

D-Surgical Excision

Alone, it is of no value as there is high probability of recurrence of the tumor