◊ 4-Tumors ◊
IV-Tumors
Definition: -
Tumors or neoplasm are those benign or malignant over growths that can be observed anywhere over the body of the animal. Malignant tumors usually affect elder animals (squamous cell carcinoma) while benign tumors affect younger animals (warts).
Classification and characters: -
Tumors are classified into benign or malignant, and solitary or multiple tumors
Benign tumor | Malignant tumor |
Capsulated | Not capsulated |
Doesn’t recur after excision | Recur after excision |
Slower in growth rate | Develops rapidly |
Doesn’t show ulceration | Shows ulceration |
Localized tumor, doesn't infiltrate or invade surrounding tissue | Invade surrounding tissue |
Have definite shape | Have no definite shape |
Doesn’t adhere to the skin | Adhere to skin |
Has no metastasis | Metastatic |
Example Connective tissue: Fibroma, lipoma, myoma, or osteoma Epithelial tissue: Papilloma Endothelial tissue: Angioma, or lymphangioma |
Connective tissue: Sarcoma Epithelial tissue: Carcinoma Pigment cells: Melanoma |
Diagnosis: -
1-History
2-Clinical signs and involvement of LN
3-Clinical examination
4-Histopathologic examination confirms diagnosis and determines nature of the tumor
Treatment: -
1-Benign Tumor
A-Ligature
Pedunculated tumors can be removed by ligation with elastic or rubbery materials and the induced wound is dressed with antiseptic solution. The aim of use of ligature is to close the blood supply of the tumor and to hasten its separation and sloughing.
B-Hot red iron
It controls bleeding, and causes necrosis and sloughing of the stump of the tumor.
C-Ecraseur
The skin is incised and the chain is applied on the incision.
D-Wart enucleator
It is a forceps with excavated jaws and sharp borders used for removal of warts
E-Potential caustics
Like arsenal paste, nitric acid, acetic acid, salicylic acid, or liquor of potassae
F-Surgical excision
2-Malignant Tumor
Generally, the success rate of treatment of malignant tumors is very low
A-Radiotherapy
The aim of use of this method is the destruction of malignant cells by gamma radiation. Anyway this technique is better to be used in adjunction with surgical de-bulking.
B-Cryotherapy
It depends up on two cycles of freezing and thawing. Freezing predisposes to ice crystals formation within the cell, and the volume of these crystals is larger than the volume of water leading to rupture of cells.
C-Immunotherapy
By using BCG that is injected 1 ml/cm3 once a week for 4 weeks. Severe reaction and necrosis of the tissue occurs. This technique is used for treatment of sarcoma in equine.
D-Surgical Excision
Alone, it is of no value as there is high probability of recurrence of the tumor